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Enter a semi-structural formula or a supported organic name. Use the input mode only if Chemisode reads it incorrectly.

Carbon rings: write the ring inside one outer pair of brackets. Examples include (CH2)5, (CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2), (CH2CH2)3 and (CHClCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2). Unicode subscripts are accepted. The equivalent explicit alternatives c-(CH2)6 and cyclo(CH2)6 are also accepted.

Optional brackets for simple groups: one unambiguous hydroxyl, amino or halogen group may be written directly after its carbon. For example, CH3CHOHCH3, CH3CHNH2CH3 and CH3CHClCH3 are read as CH3CH(OH)CH3, CH3CH(NH2)CH3 and CH3CH(Cl)CH3. Chemisode also displays these simple one-group forms without brackets. Keep brackets when a carbon has two or more attached groups, for example CH3C(OH)(Cl)CH3 or CH3C(OH)2CH3.

Protected functional groups: COOH remains a carboxylic acid, CHO remains an aldehyde and CONH2 remains an amide. A chain form such as CH3CH2NHCH3 keeps NH as the nitrogen within a secondary amine rather than treating it as an amino branch. Chemisode can draw that connectivity, but automatic naming for secondary amines is not currently supported.

Terminal COO: a formula ending in neutral COO is incomplete. Chemisode no longer invents an extra H. Complete it as COOH, COO− / COO-, COONa, or continue with a carbon group such as COOCH3 to form an ester.

Standalone simple covalent molecules: H2O, CO2, HCl, O2 and N2 are recognised, as are the names water, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride / hydrochloric acid, oxygen gas and nitrogen gas.

Names and formula shortcuts: supported examples include cyclopentane, cyclohexene, cyclohexanol, chlorocyclohexane, benzene, phenol, toluene and aniline. C6H6 is treated as the school-level benzene shortcut. Bare CnH2n molecular formulae are structurally ambiguous, so use c-C6H12 when you specifically mean cyclohexane.

Current ring support is for 3–12 carbon rings with common halogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, amino and ketone substitutions. Ionic forms can still be entered as NH3+, COO-, COONa or (RCOO-)2Mg.

Semi-structural formula

Unicode semi-structural formula

IUPAC name

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Examples

CH3CH2OH H₂O CO₂ O₂ N₂ HCl CH3COOCH2CH3 CH3CH(OH)CH=CHCOOH CH₃CH₂NH₃⁺ CH₃COO⁻ CH₃COONa (CH₃COO⁻)₂Mg (CH₂)₅ chlorocyclohexane ring C₆H₆ (benzene) c-C₆H₁₂ cyclohexene cyclohexan-1-ol ethanol propan-2-ol 2-aminoethan-1-ol ethyl 2-chloroethanoate 4-amino-3-hydroxybutan-2-one

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Examples

H2SO4 + NaOH -> Na2SO4 + H2O
H₂SO₄ + NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O

SO4^2-
SO₄²⁻

CH3CH2OH
CH₃CH₂OH

CH3C#CH
CH₃C≡CH

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Name and semi-structural formula

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Possible reactions

Uses the same reaction pathways as the Organic Reactions quiz.

Chemical tests

Predicted school-laboratory observations based on each recognised structure.

Teaching spectra

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Organic Analysis

Gather evidence in any order you need, then identify the unknown.

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Optional chemical testsRun extra tests when useful · −2 XP each 0 run

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Final analysis

Identify the compound whenever you have enough evidence. Correct: +80 XP. Incorrect: −5 XP.

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Complete the organic reaction15 XP per box · −5 for hints or wrong attempts

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Show small full structures Require states for inorganic substances States optional

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Reaction-type mastery 5 correct = mastered

Reaction guide

Hydrocarbons
Halogenation, cracking, addition and polymerisation

Substitution
Chloro → hydroxyl or amino; hydroxyl → amino

Oxidation
Primary alcohol → aldehyde / acid; secondary alcohol → ketone

Condensation
Esterification and amide formation

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How to name organic molecules

Use the rules, then hover over or tap a section of each worked name to see the matching part of the full structure.

A reliable method: find the parent chain, identify the highest-priority functional group, number from the correct end, add the other groups as prefixes, then check every locant and punctuation mark.

1Choose the parentFind the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the highest-priority functional group and, where possible, the important multiple bond. The number of carbons gives the root.

2Choose the suffixThe highest-priority functional group gives the ending, such as -oic acid, -al, -one, -ol or -amine. A C=C bond uses -ene.

3Number the parentStart from the end that gives the suffix group the lowest locant. If that is tied, give the C=C bond the lower locant. If it is still tied, compare substituent locants at the first point where they differ. Do not add the locants together.

4Name the prefixesGroups outside the parent are prefixes: methyl-, ethyl-, amino-, hydroxy-, fluoro-, chloro-, bromo- and iodo-. Give each one a locant.

5Order and repeatPut different prefixes in alphabetical order. Use di-, tri- or tetra- for repeated groups, but ignore these multiplying words when alphabetising.

6Check punctuationUse commas between numbers and hyphens between numbers and words. Ester names contain a space: alcohol-side alkyl first, then acid-side alkanoate.

Carbon-chain roots

1 meth-2 eth-3 prop-4 but-5 pent-6 hex-7 hept-8 oct-

Functional-group priority, prefixes and suffixes

Higher-priority groups are listed first. The highest-priority group present supplies the suffix or main name ending. Lower-priority groups are written as prefixes. Halogens and alkyl branches are prefix-only features.

Priority	Group	Recognise it	Prefix form	Suffix or main ending	Example
1 — highest	Carboxylic acid	–COOH	carboxy-advanced use	–oic acid	ethanoic acid
2	Ester	–COO–	—	alkyl alkanoate	methyl propanoate
3	Aldehyde	–CHO	formyl-advanced use	–al	butanal
4	Ketone	>C=O	oxo-	–one	butan-2-one
5	Alcohol	–OH	hydroxy-	–ol	propan-2-ol
6	Amine	–NH₂	amino-	–amine	propan-1-amine
7	Alkene	C=C	alkenyl-advanced branch form	–ene	pent-2-ene
Prefix only	Haloalkane	C–F, C–Cl, C–Br or C–I	fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-	none	1-chloropropane
Prefix / parent	Alkyl branch or alkane	C–C single bonds	methyl-, ethyl-, etc.	–ane	2-methylbutane

How organic reactions work

Compare the full structures, then tap or hover over each change to connect the reaction equation to the atoms and bonds.

A reliable method: identify the reacting functional group or bond, use the reagent and conditions to choose the reaction family, compare what was removed and added, then check that every atom is accounted for in the products and any by-products.

1Find the reacting groupLook for C=C, C–Cl, –OH, –CHO, –COOH, –NH₂ or another group that can react.

2Read the reagent and conditionsCheck for heat, UV light, acid, a catalyst, an oxidant or another reactant.

3Compare the structuresDecide whether a group was replaced, a bond order changed, oxygen increased, molecules joined or a chain split.

4Check atoms and by-productsAccount for every atom, including small products such as H₂O, HCl, Cl⁻, NaCl or KCl.

Reaction-family map

Worked reaction pathways

Reagents and conditions used in the quiz

Reaction	Reagent or conditions	Main structural change	Useful clue
Alkane halogenation	Cl₂ or Br₂, UV light	A C–H bond is replaced by C–halogen.	HCl or HBr forms.
Cracking	High temperature, zeolite catalyst	A large hydrocarbon splits; at least one product is an alkene.	Products have fewer carbons.
Hydrogenation	H₂, Ni catalyst, heat	C=C becomes C–C and two C–H bonds form.	Alkene becomes alkane.
Hydration	H₂O(g), H⁺, heat	H and OH add across C=C.	Alkene becomes alcohol.
Halogen / hydrogen-halide addition	Cl₂, Br₂, HCl, HBr or HF	The C=C opens and halogen-containing bonds form.	No small organic by-product.
Substitution to alcohol	OH⁻, NaOH or KOH	Halogen is replaced by OH.	Cl⁻, NaCl or KCl forms.
Substitution to amine	NH₃, heat	Halogen or OH is replaced by NH₂.	HCl or H₂O forms in the quiz model.
Oxidation	H⁺/Cr₂O₇²⁻ or H⁺/MnO₄⁻	More C–O bonding or less C–H bonding.	Orange → green or purple → colourless.
Esterification	Concentrated H₂SO₄	Alcohol + acid join through –COO–.	Water forms.
Primary amide formation	NH₃, heat	Acid –OH is replaced by NH₂.	Water forms.
Amide-link condensation	Primary amine, heat	A carboxylic acid and primary amine join through –CONH–.	Water forms.

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